Animal Diversity Web

Geographic Range

Pudu puda is found in the rainforests in the temperate zones of Argentina and Chile.

• Biogeographic Regions
• neotropical
  • native

Habitat

The climate in the habitat of P. puda consists of a short dry summer and a mild wet winter. The yearly rainfall is 74-150 inches. Pudu prefer dense underbrush and bamboo groves because they offer protection from predators. They can be found anywhere from sea level to 3,200 meters elevation. (Grzimek, 1990)

• Habitat Regions
• temperate
• terrestrial

• Terrestrial Biomes
• forest

• Range elevation

  3200 (high) m

  10498.69 (high) ft

Physical Description

Southern pudu are the smallest deer in the world, ranging from 600 to 825 mm in total body length and with a shoulder height from 250 to 430 mm. The coat is composed of long coarse hair. The body color is a buffy agouti pattern. The middle back is a reddish brown color, while the face, outer surface of the ears, narial patch, chin and under side are reddish. The fawns have a white spotted coat. The body is low to the ground with short thick legs. The eyes and the ears are small compared with the body size. The tail is almost non-exsistent. Males have short, less than 100 mm, spike antlers. (Nowak, 1997)

• Other Physical Features
• endothermic
• homoiothermic
• bilateral symmetry

• Sexual Dimorphism
• ornamentation

• Average mass

  10000 g

  352.42 oz

  AnAge

• Range length

  600 to 825 mm

  23.62 to 32.48 in

Reproduction

Pudu mate in the fall and give birth in the spring, from November to January. The gestation period is approximately 202 to 223 days. Only one fawn is born a year. At birth the young weigh less than one kilogram. It takes three months for the fawn to become full sized, and six months for females and eighteen months for males to reach sexual maturity. (Nowak, 1997)

• Key Reproductive Features
• iteroparous
• seasonal breeding
• gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)
• sexual
• viviparous

• Breeding interval

  Southern pudu breed once yearly.

• Breeding season

  Mating occurs in the fall.

• Range number of offspring

  1 (high)

• Average number of offspring

  1

• Average number of offspring

  1

  AnAge

• Range gestation period

  202 to 223 days

• Average birth mass

  900 g

  31.72 oz

  AnAge

• Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)

  6 months

• Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
  Sex: female

  274 days

  AnAge

• Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)

  18 months

• Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
  Sex: male

  320 days

  AnAge

Lifespan / Longevity

• Average lifespan
  Status: captivity

  12.5 years

  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research

• Average lifespan
  Status: wild

  10.0 years

  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research

Behavior

Pudu are solitary animals that only come into contact with others of their species during rut. During rut, the male lays his chin on the female's back, smells her rear end, curls his upper lip, lays his forelegs on her back, and mounts her. Pudu navigate through the dense jungle by a network of well-marked trails. The trails lead to spots for resting and feeding. They form dung piles, the majority of which are found near resting places. Each pudu has its own territory, approximately 40-60 acres in area. (Grzimek, 1990)

• Key Behaviors
• terricolous
• motile
• solitary

Communication and Perception

• Perception Channels
• tactile
• chemical

Food Habits

Southern pudu eat fallen fruit, ferns, vines and small tree foliage. Pudus move slowly as they look for food, often standing up on their hind legs to test the wind. They reach food by standing on their hind legs and jumping on fallen trees. They also may press down on ferns and saplings until they break off. Pudu bend over bamboo shoots and walk across them while they are horizontal to feed on upper foliage. They feed on the bark of young saplings approximately 6 to 12 inches off the ground. Pudu can go for long periods without drinking water. They may obtain sufficient water from their food. (Grzimek,1990)

• Primary Diet
• herbivore
  • folivore
  • frugivore

• Plant Foods
• leaves
• wood, bark, or stems
• fruit

Ecosystem Roles

Pudu puda are very susceptible to parasites, a problem made worse by their increasingly frequent contact with domestic dogs. The most common parasites include bladder worms, lung worms, and various types of round worms. (Grzimek, 1990)

Conservation Status

Pudu are listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. The main factors that are threatening P. puda include the destruction of habitat, the introduction of roe and fallow deer from Europe, and domestic dogs. Pudu cannot compete for food with the roe and fallow deer. The population of puda has stabilized in Chile as a result of the tapering off of habitat destruction. The Game Preservation Director of Chile's Natural Forest Administration issued a statement saying that P. puda will survive, as long as its habitat does. Pudu puda is not currently threatened with immediate extinction, but its future is uncertain. Despite a study conducted by the World Wildlife Fund, the number of P. puda in the wild is still unknown. (Grzimek,1990)

• IUCN Red List

  Vulnerable
  More information

Contributors

Sarah Pollard (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.

References

Grzimek,B. 1990. Encyclpedia of Mammals:Volume 5. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York, St.Louis, San Francisco.

Nowak,R.M. 1997. http://www.press.jhu.edu...ctyla.cervidae.pudu.html