Neotoma mexicana
Mexican woodrat

Neotoma mexicana, or Mexican woodrats, is found in the Southwestern United States from northern Colorado and southern Utah down through Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas and into Central Mexico and Guatemala. ("eNature", 2003; "Natural Diversity Information Source", 2004; "Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Mammal Key", 1989; "Utah Division of Wildlife Resources", 2004; Meaney and Armstrong, 1994; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

Neotoma mexicana lives in rocky areas and normally builds nests in the cracks and crevices of canyon walls or boulders. Nests are also found in hollow trees or abandoned buildings. Mexican woodrats live mostly in mountainous areas, but can also be found in deciduous forests. One of the most common types of woodlands they are found in is piñon-juniper. Their elevation ranges from 15 to 4025 meters. Because they use cracks in rocky slopes, their dens are not very elaborate. They do, however, still accumulate sticks and other rubbish around their dens. Dens can sometimes be located by noticing fecal pellets because Neotoma mexicana defecates near its nest. ("Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Mammal Key", 1989; Cornely and Baker, 1986; Davis and Schmidly, 1997; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

Neotoma mexicana is grayish to brownish on its back and its underside is buff to white. It can be distinguished from desert woodrats because the tail has two distinct colors. It is brown on top and white on the bottom. The average body length of Neotoma mexicana is 300 mm and the average tail length is 125 mm. At birth, the animal weighs 9-12 grams and reaches 140-185 grams as an adult. ("eNature", 2003; "Utah Division of Wildlife Resources", 2004; Davis and Schmidly, 1997; Davis, 1960; Meaney and Armstrong, 1994; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

Not much is known about the mating systems of the Mexican woodrat. Agonistic behavior has been observed in the laboratory setting during mating. Also, males may make a gasping sound when approaching a female to mate. (Meaney and Armstrong, 1994)

Mexican woodrats breed from March until May and usually produces two litters during that time. Each litter can have 2-5 pups, and the gestation period is about 33 days. The young are weaned anywhere from 4-6 weeks after birth. Females reach sexual maturity at a younger age than males. After 1-2 months, females can reach sexual maturity and even produce their own litters during that same breeding season. On the other hand, males reach sexual maturity at around 8 months. Also, Neotoma mexicana experiences a post-partum estrus. (Davis and Schmidly, 1997; Meaney and Armstrong, 1994; "eNature", 2003; "Utah Division of Wildlife Resources", 2004; Davis and Schmidly, 1997; Davis, 1960; Meaney and Armstrong, 1994; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

The young are found in a nest along with either an adult male or adult female, not both. Not much is known about the care or investment provided by the parents, but these animals are born underdeveloped and reach sexual maturity at 2 months for females and 9 months for males. The time of weaning is 4-6 weeks. ("eNature", 2003; Davis, 1960; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

The lifespan of this species is not known.

Neotoma mexicana is a solitary species and can be aggressive towards conspecifics. It collects many items such as sticks, feathers, and bones and therefore has received the common name of packrat. It is active year around and usually at night. ("Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Mammal Key", 1989; "Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Mammal Key", 1989; Meaney and Armstrong, 1994; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

Woodrats have a home range of about 20 to 25 yards from the den. (Palmer, 1954)

In general, woodrats communicate with squeals, and warning signals are made by thumping the hind feet and vibrating the tail. Gasping or chirping sounds are made during mating. Scentmarking by rubbing the ventral side and foot-thumping is also common in Neotoma mexicana as a means of communicating. (Cornely and Baker, 1986; Palmer, 1954)

Neotoma mexicana forages on the ground or may climb like other woodrats. This species is a dietary generalist and eats nuts, berries, green vegetation, acorns, and fungi. They sometimes store their food. ("eNature", 2003; "Natural Diversity Information Source", 2004; "Utah Division of Wildlife Resources", 2004; Davis and Schmidly, 1997; Meaney and Armstrong, 1994; Palmer, 1954; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

The known predators of Mexican woodrats are owls, foxes, coyotes, weasels, rattlesnakes, and bobcats. There are no anti-predator adaptations known for this species. (Ward and Ganey, 2003; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

Neotoma mexicana is an important source of prey for owls, foxes, coyotes, bobcats, weasels and rattlesnakes. They also disperse seeds. (Peterson, et al., 2002; Ward and Ganey, 2003; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)

Although it is not documented as a common ocurrance, Mexican woodrats may serve as food for humans. (Davis, 1960)

Neotoma mexicana is known to be one of the hosts of Chagas disease. One strain of the disease coincides with the distribution of the Mexican woodrat. It is transmitted through blood and causes infection in the organs and peripheral nervous system. Usually, the disease is transmitted by blood feeding insects. Neotoma mexicana is also a carrier of the arroyo virus, one that attacks the central nervous system. (Fulhorst, et al., 2001; Peterson, et al., 2002)

This species does not have a conservation status because it is not threatened.