By Kari Santoro
Geographic Range
Banded palm civets are found in the Oriental biogeographic region, in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and peninsular Burma. (Wilson and Reeder, 1993)
Habitat
Banded palm civets are partly arboreal and prefer tall forests. They are nocturnal and feed mainly on the ground at night, sleeping in holes in the ground or in trees during the day. Hemigalus derbyanus are also known to forage for prey in trees and near streams. (Burton and Pearson, 1987; Ducker, 1975)
These animals are found in the following types of habitat:
tropical 
; terrestrial .
Terrestrial Biomes:
forest ; rainforest .
Physical Description
(2.2 to 6.6 lbs)
(18.11 to 20.87 in)
Hemigalus derbyanus are about the size of small domestic cats, with long slender bodies. This species ranges in length (nose to anus) from 46 to 53 centimeters. They have gray-yellow woolly hair with seven or eight crescent-shaped black markings on the dorsal side and black rings around their tails, which vary from 25 to 38 centimeters in length. Partially retractable claws and powerful feet allow banded palm civets to be very able climbers, and long tapered snouts assist in their feeding habits. They have 40 teeth with a dental pattern 3/3;1/1;4/4;2/2 common to most members of the Viverridae. Their molars are tritubercular. Both males and females of the species possess vestigial anal glands. Underparts of the body are lighter than the dorsal side, and the pelage in the dorsal neck region is reversed and points forward. (Burton and Pearson, 1987; Ducker, 1975; Kowalczyk, 1989; Lekagul and McNeely, 1977)
Some key physical features:
endothermic ; bilateral symmetry .
Sexual dimorphism: sexes alike.
Reproduction
The breeding interval of banded palm civets is unknown.
The breeding season is unknown.
Very little is known about the mating systems of banded palm civets as they tend to be reclusive and have low reproduction success in captivity. (Kowalczyk, 1989)
Of banded palm civets observed in captivity, very few have given birth, thus there is a small sample size from which to generalize. The females' estrus cycle is not easily identifiable, but scientists hypothesize that they may be seasonally polyestrus or generally polyestrus throughout the year with a 4 to 7 day cycle. Banded palm civets in captivity do not construct nests and give birth to 1 or 2 young, which weigh about 125 grams. They open their eyes after 8 to 12 days and nurse for about 70 days before eating solid food. In the family Viverridae, of which Hemigalus derbyanus is a member, there are generally two litters per year, one in the spring and one in the fall. The gestation period ranges from 32 to 64 days among all of the species of this family. (John Hopkins University Press, 1997; Kowalczyk, 1989)
Key reproductive features:
seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous .
Although little is known regarding the mating habits of banded palm civets, the relatively long nursing period of the female (about 70 days) suggests that large amounts of energy are required and thus feeding must increase during the pregnancy and following the birth of her young. Male contribution is unknown. (John Hopkins University Press, 1997)
Parental investment:
altricial ; pre-weaning/fledging (provisioning: female).
Lifespan/Longevity
[External Source: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research]
Very little is known regarding the lifespan of Hemigalus derbyanus in the wild. In captivity, individuals 11 to 13 years old lacked all teeth, suggesting advanced age. (Kowalczyk, 1989)
Behavior
Hemigalus derbyanus is a solitary species, with males and females associating only for mating. As is discussed in the Communication section, scent markings play an important role in territorial and defensive communication among individuals. (Kowalczyk, 1989)
Home Range
The home range of banded palm civets is unknown.
Key behaviors:
arboreal ; terricolous; nocturnal ; motile ; solitary ; territorial .
Communication and Perception
Banded palm civets observed in captivity have been known to communicate through scent marking, physical interaction and vocalizations. Both defensive and territorial scent marking have been observed in this species. Social behavior includes grooming and pacing, and a keen sense of smell plays a role in identification among individuals. Vocal communication is prevalent in captivity and includes hissing, spitting, cooing, whining and growling. (Kowalczyk, 1989)
Other communication keywords:
scent marks .
Food Habits
Banded palm civets are primarily carnivores, hunting for prey in trees, near streams or on the forest floor. Much of their diet consists of locusts and worms, but they also eat crustaceans, aquatic and terrestrial snails, spiders, ants and frogs. In captivity, the species has been observed to eat fruit, including bananas, but plant consumption is unknown in the wild. (Ducker, 1975; Kowalczyk, 1989)
Hemigalus derbyanus catches larger prey by biting it at the back of the neck and then shaking it violently. Their front paws help to grasp the prey while tearing and chewing it, and they swallow with their heads tilted upwards. Often, drinking precedes and follows eating. (Kowalczyk, 1989)
Primary Diet:
carnivore (insectivore , vermivore).
Animal Foods:
amphibians; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; mollusks; terrestrial worms; aquatic crustaceans.
Predation
The predators of banded palm civets have not been identified.
Ecosystem Roles
Ecosystem roles of Hemigalus derbyanus have not been explored. As small carnivores, they might have some effect on prey populations. Also, as mammals that consume large numbers of insects such as locusts, they might have some positive impact on agriculture by reducing pest numbers.
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
Information on the negative impact of Hemigalus derbyanus is not available.
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
The economic importance of banded palm civets is relatively insignificant, although some members of the Viverridae family are trapped or bred in captivity to procure their civet, a potent fluid obtained from the anal glands which is often used in perfumes.
Ways that people benefit from these animals:
body parts are source of valuable material.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: [link]:
Lower Risk - Least Concern.
US Federal List: [link]:
No special status.
CITES: [link]:
Appendix II.
This species is not listed as threatened or endangered on any official sites, but recent research suggests that banded palm civets are increasingly rare in their native habitats and decreasing in numbers due to deforestation and habitat loss. (Lekagul and McNeely, 1977)
For More Information
Find Hemigalus derbyanus information at
Contributors
Matthew Wund (editor), University of Michigan.
Kari Santoro (author), University of Michigan. Phil Myers (editor, instructor), Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
