By Jennifer Niederlander
Geographic Range
Knight anoles are native to Cuba. They have been introduced into southeastern Florida, and there are now breeding populations in Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach counties (Behler 1979, B. Hammond pers. comm.).
Biogeographic Regions:
nearctic 
(introduced , native ).
Habitat
Knight Anoles are arboreal and commonly found under shady canopies of large trees.
These animals are found in the following types of habitat:
tropical ; terrestrial .
Terrestrial Biomes:
forest .
Physical Description
Knight anoles grow to a length of 13 - 19 3/8 inches. They are the largest of the Anolis species. The snout is long and wedge-shaped. The tail is slightly compressed with a serrated upper edge. Each toe is expanded in the form of an adhesive pad. The adhesive pad occupies the central portion of the toe and is of an elongated form. The adhesive toe pads allow the knight anole to easily run up smooth, vertical surfaces, or run body downward on a horizontal plane. The body is covered with small granular scales with a yellow or white stripe under the eye and over the shoulder. They are bright green in color which can change to a dull grayish-brown. There is sexual dimorphism. Males have a pale pink throatfan that distends when excited. (Ditmars 1930, Behler 1979).
Some key physical features:
ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry .
Sexual dimorphism: sexes colored or patterned differently, male more colorful, sexes shaped differently.
Reproduction
Anoles breed once yearly.
Breeding occurs during the summer months.
Breeding occurs during the summer. Courting is similar to the beginning of fighting but attitudes are less extreme. The male nods his head one or more times and frequently expands his throatfan and then seizes the female by the nape of the neck. The male forces his tail under the female to bring their cloacas in contact. The male inserts his hemipenis into the cloaca of the female. Lab studies have shown males attempting to mate with other males; possibly due to their inability to distinguish males from females (Noble 1933). (Noble and Bradley, July 1933)
Mating systems:
polygynandrous (promiscuous) .
These anoles are egg-layers (Pope 1966). (Pope, 1966)
Key reproductive features:
iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (internal ); oviparous .
Behavior
Knight Anoles are diurnal. They can be fiercely defensive when a snake or anything like a snake (a stick, a garden hose), gets too close. Their defensive display is to turns sideways, extends the throatfan, raise back crest, and gape menacingly (Behler 1979). A male fighting with other male anoles protrudes the throatfan to its fullest and then retracts it, repeating several times. He rises on all four legs, stiffly nods his head, and turns sideways towards rival. The male then turns bright green. Frequently the fight will end with the display, and the male most impressed by the display will drop his crest and slink away. If fighting continues, males rush at each other with mouths open. Sometimes jaws will lock if they go head on, otherwise they try to go for the limb of their opponent (Noble 1933). (Behler and King, 1979; Noble and Bradley, July 1933)
Key behaviors:
arboreal ; diurnal ; motile ; sedentary ; territorial .
Food Habits
In the wild they eat grubs, crickets, coachroaches, spiders, and moths (Kaplan 1996). In captivity they can be fed crickets, mealworms, and smaller lizards (web2 1999).
Primary Diet:
carnivore (insectivore ).
Animal Foods:
insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods.
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
Many Anolis species are sold in pet stores. They make a good pet for the first time reptile owner.
Ways that people benefit from these animals:
pet trade .
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: [link]:
Not Evaluated.
US Federal List: [link]:
No special status.
CITES: [link]:
No special status.
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Other Comments
Knight anoles are relatively slow and can be caught by hand, but they do have strong jaws and sharp teeth. In Florida, most do not survive cold winters (Behler 1979).
Contributors
Jennifer Niederlander (author), Michigan State University.
James Harding 
(editor), Michigan State University.
